Oxyntomodulin

Peptide YY (PYY 3-36) is a hormone involved in hunger regulation and metabolism. It acts as an appetite suppressant and has potential therapeutic applications in obesity and metabolic disorders, especially in combination with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists.

Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist originally developed for type 2 diabetes that has become one of the most effective weight loss medications available. It works by mimicking a natural hormone that regulates appetite and blood sugar, helping people feel full faster and longer.

Tirzepatide is a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist that has shown even stronger weight loss results than semaglutide in clinical trials. It targets two hormone pathways instead of one, making it potentially more effective for both weight loss and blood sugar control.

GIP is an incretin hormone naturally secreted by the intestine in response to nutrient intake. It plays a critical role in regulating insulin secretion, fat metabolism, and systemic energy balance. While historically viewed primarily as an insulin-stimulating hormone, recent research—particularly involving dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor co-agonists like tirzepatide—highlights its significant role in weight management and metabolic health.