Epithalon (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly)

NAD+ is a coenzyme found in every cell that's critical for energy metabolism and cellular repair. NAD+ levels naturally decline with age, which has made NAD+ supplementation (and precursors like NMN and NR) popular in the longevity space.

Klotho is an anti-aging protein primarily produced in the kidneys. It exists as a membrane-bound receptor and a circulating soluble hormone (s-Klotho). It acts as an obligate co-receptor for FGF23 to regulate phosphate and vitamin D metabolism and functions as a systemic pleiotropic factor that influences multiple signaling pathways related to inflammation, cellular senescence, and oxidative stress.

SS-31, also known as Elamipretide, is a synthetic peptide designed to target mitochondria. It acts as an antioxidant that stabilizes the inner mitochondrial membrane, helping to protect cells from oxidative stress, improve energy production, and reduce cell death in conditions involving mitochondrial dysfunction.

SS-31, also known as Elamipretide, is a synthetic tetrapeptide designed to target and protect mitochondria. By stabilizing the inner mitochondrial membrane and interacting with cardiolipin, it helps maintain mitochondrial energy production and reduce the generation of damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by stress or age-related dysfunction.